...St. Augustine, a true saint and a giant among converts,
was limited in one respect. The only philosophy he knew was that of
Plato. St. Thomas Aquinas introduced Aristotle into Christian
philosophy, and the Augustinian Platonists never really accepted it.
They had a different approach to objective reality. One of those
Augustinians was a monk named Martin Luther. Chesterton argues that the
Reformation was really the revenge of the Platonists. You could say it
started with a difference in emphasis, you could say it started as a
quarrel among monks, but Luther’s emphasis on emotion rather than
reason, on subjective truth rather than objective truth, and most
unfortunately, on Determinism rather than Free Will, opened the door for
an attack not just on Scholasticism but on all philosophy.
Lutheranism, says Chesterton, “had one theory that was the
destruction of all theories; in fact it had its own theology which was
itself the death of theology. Man could say nothing to God, nothing from
God, nothing about God, except an almost inarticulate cry for mercy and
for the supernatural help of
Christ, in a world where all natural things were useless.
Reason was useless. Will was useless. Man could not move himself an inch
any more than a stone. Man could not trust what was in his head any
more than a turnip. Nothing remained in earth or heaven, but the name of
Christ lifted in that lonely imprecation; awful as the cry of a beast
in pain.”
St. Thomas and Luther are “the hinges of history,” and
Luther managed to loom large enough to block out the huge figure of
Aquinas. “Luther did begin the modern mood of depending on things not
merely intellectual.” He was a forceful personality. He was a bully. He
claimed Scripture as his authority and then altered Scripture itself,
adding a word here and there in his own translation to accommodate his
own theology. When confronted with the act,”he was content to shout back
at all hecklers: ‘Tell them that Dr. Martin Luther will have it so!’
That is what we now call Personality… He destroyed Reason; and
substituted Suggestion.”...
Well, then--there's 500 years of water under that bridge and at least 3 Lutheran branches to show for it, not to mention the Zwinglians, Episcopalians, Wesley-ites....
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